Analysis of Energy Storage Markets in Key European Countries (Part 4)

Analysis of Energy Storage Markets in Key European Countries (Part 4)

I. Ukraine
Policies
During the war, Ukraine's power supply facilities have been severely damaged, and the remaining grid system is under immense operational pressure. Power outages exceeding 10 hours are common. Consequently, Ukraine has had to import electricity from countries like Romania and Slovakia.
Scale
The annual installation potential for the commercial and industrial user-side energy storage market is approximately 300 MW.
Profit Models
  1. Emergency Backup Power
  2. Reducing Energy Costs
  3. Peak-Valley Arbitrage
  4. Integrated PV + Storage
Grid Connection Requirements
EN 50549-10/-1/-2. Grid connection parameters must comply with Ukrainian grid requirements. UA TR certification is required.
Suppliers
Deye, etc.
II. Bulgaria
Policies
  1. Bulgaria amended its Energy Actand Electricity Trading Rulesin 2024, formally recognizing energy storage facilities as independent market participants. This legislative update removes regulatory barriers for BESS deployment and provides a legal basis for their participation in electricity trading and grid balancing services.
  2. Launched the first round of the "RESTORE" program tender. The government approved a total of nearly 10 GWh of energy storage projects (82 projects, totaling 9,712.89 MWh), providing up to €600 million in public funding. Preparations have begun for "RESTORE 2," aiming to add an additional 1.9 GWh of storage capacity, with installation targeted for completion by mid-2026.
Scale
By 2025, its energy storage installation scale could reach 8-10 GWh.
Profit Models
  1. Energy Arbitrage
  2. Frequency Regulation
  3. Capacity Payments
Grid Connection Requirements
EN 50549-10/-1/-2. Grid connection parameters must comply with Bulgarian grid requirements. No specific listing required. Type B: >=1MW and <5MW; Type C: >=5MW and <20MW.
Suppliers
Sungrow, etc.
III. Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania)
Policies
  1. In February 2025, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania completed synchronization with the Continental European Synchronous Area (CESA), formally disconnecting from the former BRELL (Belarus, Russia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania) energy ring.
  2. The Baltic countries joined the European automatic Frequency Restoration Reserve (aFRR) platform – PICASSO.
  3. To more accurately reflect supply and demand changes and promote renewable energy integration, both the intraday and day-ahead markets in the Baltic region have transitioned from hourly to 15-minute trading intervals.
Scale
The Lithuanian Ministry of Energy plans to achieve 1.5 GW / 4.4 GWh of energy storage capacity by 2028. The combined capacity for the three countries is expected to exceed 3 GW / 6 GWh by 2028, and is projected to surpass 4 GW / 8 GWh by 2030.
Profit Models
  1. Intraday Market
  2. Day-Ahead Market
  3. Frequency Regulation (aFRR, mFRR)
Grid Connection Requirements
EN 50549-10/-1/-2. Grid connection parameters must comply with respective national grid requirements.
Suppliers
Trina Solar, Hyperstrong, etc.
IV. Switzerland
Policies
  1. The Swiss Federal Council is promoting the implementation of the Federal Act on a Secure Electricity Supply with Renewable Energies. The new regulations, effective January 1, 2026, cover energy communities and minimum feed-in tariffs.
  2. The new regulations encourage self-consumption and storing excess solar power generated during peak production hours to alleviate grid stress. They also set new subsidy rates based on actual self-consumption, encouraging PV system operators to increase their own consumption via batteries or electric vehicles.
  3. The new policy also allows the use of dynamic electricity pricing, where tariffs vary by time or region.
Scale
New installations in 2025 are projected to be 335 MWh.
Profit Models
  1. Participation in Virtual Power Plants (VPPs) via aggregators (offering FCR, aFRR, mFRR services)
  2. Combining with PV to charge excess solar generation, increasing arbitrage potential and raising the PV self-consumption ratio.
  3. Off-grid backup power.
Grid Connection Requirements
EN 50549-10/-1/-2 and VDE 4105/4110/4112, but grid connection parameters must comply with NA/EEA:2020 NE7. Type B: >=250kW and <36MW.
Suppliers
BYD, Huawei, etc.
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